Bee Balm
Monarda didyma
photo by Lisa Schneider
Summary
Scarlet bee balm (Monarda didyma) is a most decorative member of the mint family. The common name ‘bee balm’ refers to the historical use of a resin derived from the plant that was used for healing and soothing bee stings.
This perennial’s spectacular flower clusters resemble fireworks in the garden, erupting just in time for July 4th celebrations in central PA. The scentless, nectar-rich flowers are pollinated primarily by ruby-throated hummingbirds and butterflies, especially fritillaries. Ironically, bee balm is NOT especially attractive to bees! (Since their eyes see a different color spectrum than ours, bees cannot see the color red.)
Spreading readily by seed, the mint-scented leaves of monarda can be susceptible to powdery mildew, so good air circulation and judicious pruning will help them stay healthy in humid weather.
More Details
FAMILY
Lamiaceae (Mint)
BLOOM TIME
July - August
FLOWER
Red
MATURE SIZE
3-4 feet
LIGHT REQUIREMENT
Full sun to part shade
SOIL CONDITIONS
Medium to wet, moisture-retentive soils
NATIVE STATUS
PA Native
Ecosystem Connections
Scarlet bee balm provides an excellent source of nectar for hummingbirds, moths and butterflies, and is a host plant for several types of moth caterpillars. Since it’s highly attractive to insects, bee balm also supports many insectivorous birds.
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