Nothing stands out in the winter landscape like a branch of glossy green holly with bright red berries. Ilex is a large and diverse family, with over 400 different species. Ilex opaca (American holly) and Ilex verticillata (winterberry) are two that are native to Pennsylvania. But did you know that most hollies rely on pollinators to help produce those gorgeous fruits?
Holly plants are dioecious, meaning that each plant produces only either female or male flowers. If you get up-close and personal with a flower, you can easily see the difference. The female flower has a green or red cone in the center of the flower. The male flower lacks this cone, instead sporting short stamens with yellow, pollen-bearing pads on the ends. For the transfer of this pollen to occur, hollies depend on a little help from their friends.
Bees, especially honey bees, are the main pollinators of hollies. They will carry pollen up to 100 yards, so for best berry production, plants should be sited within that range. Also, different varieties bloom at different times–so you can help the ladies by choosing compatible males (those that will flower at the same time). This will help to ensure a cheery display—and a bountiful bird buffet —all winter long!
Photo: Mt. Cuba Center
